Germanium in the soil-plant system—a review
Germanium (Ge) is widespread in the Earth's crust. As a cognate element to silicon (Si), Ge shows very similar chemical characteristics. Recent use of Ge/Si to trace Si cycles and changes in weathering over time, growing demand for Ge as raw material, and consequently an increasing interest in Ge phytomining have contributed to a growing …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon–germanium receivers for short-wave-infrared …
Germanium, a well-established complement material in silicon chip industry, has a quasi-direct energy band structure in this wavelength domain. Germanium and its alloys are thus the most suitable …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium: Properties, Growth and Applications
Silicon-germanium (Si 1−x Ge x) alloys have been researched since the late 1950s [], but it is only in the past 30 years or so that these layers have been applied to new types of transistor technology.Si 1−x Ge x was first applied in bipolar technologies [22.2, 22.3], but more recently has been applied to metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon–Germanium: The Legacy Lives On
Alloy systems comprised of silicon with germanium, lead with tellurium, and bismuth with antimony have constituted a majority of thermoelectric applications during the last half-century. These legacy materials are primarily covalently bonded with a maximum ZT near one. Silicon–germanium alloys have provided the thermal to …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for …
Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for mm-Wave Systems Technology, Modeling and Circuit Applications provides an overview of results of the DOTSEVEN EU research project, and as such focusses on key material developments for mm-Wave Device Technology. It starts with the motivation at the beginning of the project …
اقرأ أكثرDistinct silicon and germanium pathways in the …
1. Introduction [2] The silicon (Si) cycle is of major concern in global change studies due to its link with the carbon (C) cycle and therefore as a regulator of atmospheric CO 2 concentration through …
اقرأ أكثرIntegrated germanium optical interconnects on silicon substrates …
The integration of germanium quantum-well devices and low-loss waveguides with silicon substrates shows promise for realizing low-loss, on-chip photonic interconnects.
اقرأ أكثرRoom temperature operation of germanium–silicon single …
A germanium–silicon single-photon avalanche diode operated at room temperature shows a noise-equivalent power improvement over the previous Ge-based single-photon avalanche diodes by 2–3.5 ...
اقرأ أكثرNew ferromagnetic 5 : 4 compounds in the rare earth silicon …
The dependence of magnetic moment (measured at 4-2 and 25 k0e) on concentration in the system Gd5Sii-tGe.r. NEW FERROMAGNETIC 5 . 4 COMPOUNDS IN RARE EARTH SILICON AND GERMANIUM 2287 The high saturation moment observed for Gc^Si^ can be explained on the basis of the normal contribution of the 4/7 electrons plus a contribution …
اقرأ أكثرIntroduction to Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Technology
Overview of Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Technology and Historical Development ... and communication systems' energy efficiency is increased by its low power consumption. SiGe RF ICs are being used in the communications, automotive, and navigation/aerospace industries. Figure 4 illustrates the SiGe frequency window of applications. SiGe has ...
اقرأ أكثرSemiconductive Materials (e.g., Silicon, Germanium)
Consequently, germanium is often used in specialized applications such as fiber-optic systems and infrared optics. Silicon and germanium are tetravalent – each atom can form four covalent bonds, providing stability in their crystal structures. ... The choice between silicon and germanium, or even other semiconductive materials, often …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar …
Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for Mm-wave Systems Technology, Modeling and Circuit Applications. Edited By Niccolò Rinaldi, …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors
Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors A Retrospective. Subramanian S. Iyer, Subramanian S. Iyer. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Search for more papers by this author. John D. Cressler, John D. Cressler.
اقرأ أكثرIntroduction to Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Technology
Silicon Germanium bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (SiGe BiCMOS) has become a dominant technology in the marketplace and continues to be used on a …
اقرأ أكثرDistinct silicon and germanium pathways in the soil-plant system …
Plants strongly impact the continental silicon cycle by taking up Si and precipitating opal phytoliths which are recycled into the soil. Studying Ge incorporation, a chemical analog of Si, relative to Si may provide a useful tracer of Si pathways. However, Ge uptake and transport through plants and the impact on Ge/Si of phytoliths remain …
اقرأ أكثرPhotoemission spectroscopy of germanium surfaces, …
High-energy electron diffraction and photoemission techniques providing controlled surface sensitivity were used to study several germanium surface and interface systems: the clean Ge(100)-(2xl) surface, the Ge(100)-Ag interface, and silicon-germanium systems. For the clean Ge(100)-(2xl) surface, both angle-integrated and angle-resolved measurements …
اقرأ أكثرIntegrated germanium optical interconnects on …
Indeed, chip-scale optical interconnection has been identified as possibly the most viable solution to overcome the imminent performance limit of CMOS integrated circuits due to the short distance...
اقرأ أكثرSilicon germanium on IEEE Technology Navigator
Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of. Panel‐Level Packaging for Heterogenous Integration. Conclusion. 60GHz Radio Implementation in Silicon. MBE Growth of Ge‐Based Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors. History of Embedded and Fan‐Out Packaging Technology. Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) IC Devices and Technology.
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors
Book Abstract: This informative, new resource presents the first comprehensive treatment of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs). It offers you a complete, from-the-ground-up understanding of SiGe HBT devices and technology, from a very broad perspective. The book covers motivation, history, materials, fabrication, device physics, …
اقرأ أكثرSolved Given here are the solidus and liquidus temperatures
Question: Given here are the solidus and liquidus temperatures for the germanium-silicon system. Construct the phase diagram for this system and label each region. What is the melting point of pure germanium and Silicon? Solidus Composition TemperatureTemperature Liquidus wt% Si 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 938 1005 …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon–Germanium: The Legacy Lives On
Abstract. Alloy systems comprised of silicon with germanium, lead with tellurium, and bismuth with antimony have constituted a majority of thermoelectric applications during the last half …
اقرأ أكثرNew ferromagnetic 5:4 compounds in the rare earth silicon and germanium
DOI: 10.1016/0022-3697(67)90253-3 Corpus ID: 98854596; New ferromagnetic 5:4 compounds in the rare earth silicon and germanium systems @article{Holtzberg1967NewF5, title={New ferromagnetic 5:4 compounds in the rare earth silicon and germanium systems}, author={Frederic H. Holtzberg and Richard Joseph …
اقرأ أكثرThe germanium quantum information route | Nature …
Silicon took over as the material of choice for microelectronics because of the exceptional quality of silicon dioxide, allowing for the fabrication and integration of …
اقرأ أكثرHigh performance planar germanium-on-silicon …
Nature Communications - By incorporating germanium, single-photon avalanche diode detectors using silicon-based platforms are applied to infrared light …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for …
Such applications, which constitute a diverse but sizeable future market, span a large variety of areas such as health, material science, mass transit, industrial automation, communications, and space exploration.Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for mm-Wave Systems Technology, Modeling and Circuit …
اقرأ أكثرHigh performance planar germanium-on-silicon single …
By incorporating germanium, single-photon avalanche diode detectors using silicon-based platforms are applied to infrared light detection. Here, a cost-effective planar detector geometry is ...
اقرأ أكثرPolycrystalline silicon germanium for fabrication, release, …
Polycrystalline silicon germanium has recently proven to be a compelling alternative to polysilicon for micromachining. Low temperature fabrication of micromechanical structures is possible, which enables their modular integration with conventional electronics. The deposition and crystallization temperatures are significantly lower than for polysilicon, …
اقرأ أكثرDistinct silicon and germanium pathways in the soil‐plant system …
[1] Plants strongly impact the continental silicon cycle by taking up Si and precipitating opal phytoliths which are recycled into the soil. Studying Ge incorporation, a chemical analog of Si, relative to Si may provide a useful tracer of Si pathways. However, Ge uptake and transport through plants and the impact on Ge/Si of phytoliths remain …
اقرأ أكثرSilicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for …
Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for Mm-wave Systems Technology, Modeling and Circuit Applications . ... The electronic chip is becomingan ever-increasing portion of system solutions, starting initially from less than 5% in the 1970 microcomputer era, to more than 60% of the final cost of a mobile telephone, …
اقرأ أكثرThe Ge−Si (Germanium-Silicon) system | Semantic Scholar
Transition temperatures and heats of crystallization of amorphous Ge, Si, and Ge1−xSix alloys determined by scanning calorimetry. John C. C. Fan C. H. Anderson. Materials Science, Physics. 1981. The transition temperatures (Tt) and heats of crystallization (ΔH) of a‐Ge, a‐Si, and a‐Ge1−xSix films deposited by rf sputtering have been ...
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