Coagulation performance and mechanism analysis of …
Compared with the single aluminum salt and iron salt coagulants, the polyaluminum ferric chloride composite coagulant combined the advantages of …
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A Comparison Of Aluminum And Iron-based …
Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum …
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NF membrane fouling by aluminum and iron coagulant …
Mean iron concentrations in the NF feed after the ferric chloride coagulation and MF pretreatments in Runs 4 and 5 were 10 and 18 μg/L, respectively, and the aluminum concentration in the NF feeds was less than 2 μg/L. The percentage rejection of iron by NF was 60–90%, which was not as high as that of aluminum.
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Removal and Inactivation of Nonenveloped and
We compared four coagulation approaches (conventional alum and FeCl 3 coagulation and aluminum and iron electrocoagulation) in terms of their ability to remove/inactivate an enveloped virus surrogate …
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Water Handbook
Also, the iron and aluminum hydroxide flocs increase volume requirements for the disposal of settled sludge. With aluminum sulfate, optimum coagulation efficiency and minimum floc solubility normally occur at pH 6.0 to 7.0. Iron coagulants can be used successfully over the much broader pH range of 5.0 to 11.0.
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Fundamentals of Chemical Coagulation and Precipitation
Chemical treatment as a rule means addition of chemicals. Such chemicals are usually inorganic (such as iron or aluminum salts) or organic (such as cationic, anionic, and non-ionic polymers). These chemicals cause precipitation and/or aggregation (i.e., coagulation and flocculation) of the suspended phase in the wastewater system under ...
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NF membrane fouling by aluminum and iron coagulant …
The superiority of aluminum or iron coagulation under proper dosages on NF fouling alleviation during filtration of groundwater or wastewater has been reported [53, 54]. As presented in Fig. 8a, c ...
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Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron
Coagulation with aluminum and iron salts is widely used in water treatment facilities; however, process efficiency strongly depends on the coagulant type and microplastic size/type and is ...
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Mechanisms of Coagulation With Aluminum …
titative explanation of coagulation with aluminum or iron salts. Earlier research suggested several mechanisms for explaining particle de-stabilization by aluminum or iron salts in …
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Aluminum and iron water treatment residuals and application in
Major components of WTR are soil separates, organic materials, and Al and Fe hydrous metal (hydr)oxides, depending on the metal salt used for coagulation. Alum [Al 2 (SO 4 )3 × 14H 2 O] is the most commonly used coagulant in the United States and Canada (Elliott et al., 1990); the iron salts FeCl 3 and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are also used …
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A review on electrocoagulation process for the removal of …
Electrocoagulation (EC) is an excellent and promising technology in wastewater treatment, as it combines the benefits of coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry. During the last decade, extensive researches have focused on removal of emerging contaminants by using electrocoagualtion, due to its several advantages like …
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Preparation of a coagulant of polysilicate aluminum ferric …
FD is rich in iron, aluminum and other metals, and therefore has the potential for use in the preparation of polysilicate aluminum ferric (PSAF) coagulant ... stability performance probably because the excessive polymerization of the silicic acid was inhibited by addition of metal ions. Considering both coagulation performance and coagulant ...
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Coagulation performance and mechanism analysis of humic …
However, the coagulation performance and interaction mechanism for HA removal by using this novel covalent bond aluminum-iron-polyacrylamide coagulant were not clear and need to be further studied. Some studies had proposed the matching mechanism based on HA functional groups and metal salt coagulants hydrolyzed …
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Conventional Water Treatment: Coagulation and Filtration
The coagulation process involves adding iron or aluminum salts, such as aluminum sulphate, ferric sulphate, ferric chloride or polymers, to the water. These chemicals are called coagulants, and have a positive charge. The positive charge of the coagulant neutralizes the negative charge of dissolved and suspended particles in the …
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Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron
Boron removal from hydraulic fracturing wastewater by aluminum and iron coagulation: Mechanisms and limitations Water Res. 2017 Dec 1;126:481-487. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.057. ... spectroscopy provided direct evidence of inner-sphere boron complexation with surface hydroxyl groups on both amorphous aluminum and …
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Materials | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Poly …
Poly aluminum-ferric Chloride (PAFC) is a new type of high efficiency coagulant. In this study, high iron type gangue is used as a main raw material. It is calcined at 675 °C for 1 h and 3% CaF2 is added to the …
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Removal of microplastics from secondary wastewater treatment …
In the present study, the required dosage for 90% MP removal at pH 7.3 was 0.37 mmol/L for iron and 0.16 mmol/L for aluminum. Perren et al. (2018) also reported a high removal of 99.2% with electrocoagulation with iron electrodes (pH 7.5), but their study was conducted with relatively large PE MPs over 300 µm in diameter.
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Water Treatment | Coagulation Chemistry Basics
Learn the basics of Coagulation Chemistry. This video is an excerpt from the American Water College Water Treatment Exam Review course. After a quick overview we look at the different types of coagulants. There are three kinds of coagulants. Namely: Trivalent, Bivalent and Monovalent. Trivalent Coagulants include: Aluminum Iron …
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BORON REMOVAL FROM HYDRAULIC FRACTURING …
aluminum electrocoagulants are effective in adsorbing boron [19, 20], we hypothesized that conventional chemical coagulation would also be a cost-effective and facile option. Hydrolyzing aluminum and ferric salts are commonly employed as coagulants to remove turbidity (suspended solids), organic matter, microorganisms, arsenic, and other
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A review of coagulation explaining its definition
The dosage of aluminum and iron coagulants has an impact on the coagula-tion process as measured by the extent of removing particles that cause water turbidity. It was reported that the relationship between coagulant dosage and the coagulation process had been divided into four zones that start from the low-dosage zone and increasing the …
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(PDF) Optimization of Humic Acids Coagulation with Aluminum and Iron
Both ferric and aluminum salts show good coagulation and complex-forming ability in relation to water-dissolved organic matter. The aim of this study was to characterize the reactions of aluminum ...
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Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal …
@article{Bachand2019AluminumAI, title={Aluminum- and iron-based coagulation for in-situ removal of dissolved organic carbon, disinfection byproducts, mercury and other constituents from agricultural drain water}, author={Sandra Bachand and Tamara E.C. Kraus and Dylan Stern and Yan Ling Liang and William R. Horwath and …
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Coagulation characteristics of titanium (Ti) salt coagulant …
In this study, the performance of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) coagulation and flocculation is compared with commonly used coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)), polyaluminum chloride (PACl), iron chloride (FeCl(3)), and polyferric sulfate (PFS) in terms of water quality parameters and floc properties.
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Arsenic Removal by Coagulation With …
Arsenic Removal by Coagulation With Aluminum, Iron, Titanium, and Zirconium. Divagar Lakshmanan, Divagar Lakshmanan. Search for more papers by this author ... at all three pH values, and …
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A techno-economical assessment of treatment by coagulation …
Among these processes, the coagulation-flocculation process with metal salts used in LLMCs treatment (as pre or post-treatment) is a process whose phenomenon is well-known, easily applicable, and economical compared to other processes (Chen et al., 2019; Keyikoglu et al., 2021; Long et al., 2017). .
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Alum Coagulant
Another report focused on MPs separation through coagulation (aluminum and iron) and ultrafiltration for PE removal during drinking water treatment (Ma et al., 2019b). Their findings suggest that aluminum-based salts performed well for PE separation, and the removal efficiency was decreased below 40% at a high concentration (15 mM) while …
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Coagulation water treatment: Which coagulants are best …
The optimal pH range of aluminum sulfate is between 5 and 7.5, which means the coagulant performs at its best in slightly acidic or neutral solutions. Ferric chloride may be a better option for coagulation below this level of pH, while ferrous sulfate may be suitable for the treatment of more alkaline water. Sodium aluminate.
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Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant …
The conventional coagulation–flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. ... Aluminum, iron, and other metals are nonbiodegradable ; thus, sludge that …
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Dosing low-level ferrous iron in coagulation enhances the …
Aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4) 3) is the most commonly used coagulant in CTUs but it cannot reduce ClO 2 –. Herein, we propose to add small amounts (micromolar level) of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) to mix with Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 and to eliminate the low-level ClO 2 – formed from ClO 2 pre-oxidation.
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Impacts of aluminum- and iron-based coagulants on …
Although aluminum- and iron-based chemicals have been broadly used as the two most common types of coagulants for wastewater treatment, their impacts on the performance of downstream sludge management can be quite different and have not been well understood. This work reviewed and analyzed their sim …
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