Case study flowsheets: copper–gold concentrate treatment
Pressure oxidation of chalcocite/pyrite ore or bulk concentrate in an iron-sulfate-rich electrolyte: PLATSOL ® process: P: 220–230: 30–40: 15: Total pressure oxidation in the presence of 10–20 g/l NaCl. Precious metals leached at the same time as base metalsOxiana Sepon: P and soon C: 80: copper: Atm: 100: Atmospheric ferric leach …
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(PDF) Mechanism of sodium sulfate in promoting selective reduction …
A high nickel grade ferronickel was produced from laterite ore using the selective reduction-wet magnetic separation process, with the addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). The ferronickel ...
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How to make lithium extraction cleaner, faster and cheaper
In 2030, the lithium-ion battery industry is projected to produce nearly 8 million tonnes of sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4) waste, growing to almost 30 million tonnes by 2050 (A.Z.H., personal ...
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Understanding the effect of sulphate in mining …
open access. Highlights. •. Effect of sulphate was investigated on copper-molybdenum and copper-zinc ores. •. Sulphate ions depress molybdenite recovery and …
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Recent Progress in Hydrometallurgical Processing of Nickel Lateritic Ore
The stainless-steel industry is the primary driver of nickel demand and uses both class 1 and 2 (lower purity) nickel. Class 2 nickel from nickel laterite ores can be converted to nickel sulfate; however, it requires high-pressure acid leaching. Much of the laterite ore comes from the Philippines, Indonesia, and New Caledonia.
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EXTRACTING METALS FROM SULFIDE ORES
The recovery of nickel from solution, following leaching of either type of nickel ore, can be achieved by hydrogen reduction, as discussed above, or by electrolysis. Outokumpu uses the latter technology in Finland. Nickel is deposited from nickel sulfate solutions (~60 grams/liter nickel) containing sodium sulfate and boric acid to improve the ...
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Crushing, Grinding and Concentration of the …
a) The ore of aluminium, bauxite, is concentrated by this method. The bauxite ore is contaminated with impurities of silica (SiO 2), iron oxides (Fe 2 O 3), titanium oxide (TiO 2), etc. b) Concentration is …
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Life cycle assessment and process simulation of prospective …
Table 3 Gate-to-gate LCI for each of the process steps per 1 kg cobalt sulfate in both High As and Low As cases for the most probable concentrate cobalt content (1.35%). Most of the flows are represented as kg/FU (1 kg cobalt sulfate heptahydrate), and the ones represented by kg/t cobalt sulfate are marked with an asterisk (*)
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Roasting and Leaching Behavior of Nickel Laterite Ore
The success of the sulfation-roasting-leaching process depends on iron behavior. Due to its higher amount, it is sulfated before nickel. However, the stability of iron sulfates is lower than the nickel sulfate and during the decomposition of iron sulfate, the sulfur trioxide (SO 3) is liberated and reacts with nickel to form nickel sulfate.This …
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Kinetics study on non-isothermal carbothermic reduction of …
Sodium sulfate has proven to be an effective additive for enhancing the reduction and metal aggregation during the carbothermic reduction of Ni laterite ore. In this study, the effect of Na 2 SO 4 on the non-isothermal reduction kinetics of Ni laterite ore with solid C was investigated. The kinetic parameters and mechanism function were …
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Mining method of sodium sulphate ore
The invention relates to a mining method of sodium sulphate ore. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, selecting ore body; secondly, excavating a brine ditch: a plurality of brine ditches are excavated on the ore body, and the distance between each two ditches is 8 meters; thirdly, buffering and dissolving brine; fourthly, adjusting and …
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Recovery of Acid and Base from Sodium Sulfate Containing …
Lithium carbonate is an important chemical raw material that is widely used in many contexts. The preparation of lithium carbonate by acid roasting is limited due to the large amounts of low-value sodium sulfate waste salts that result. In this research, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) technology was developed to treat waste sodium …
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Application of nanofiltration for concentration of sodium sulfate …
Sodium sulfate crystallization can be induced in a separate crystallizer outside of the membrane unit by addition of crystal seeds. NF270 is a suitable membrane for this application and is ...
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Thermochemical analysis of laterite ore alkali roasting: …
Production of nickel from laterites typically requires a pre-concentration step which breaks down the mineral crystalline structure, thereby facilitating the subsequent extraction of the valuable metals. This work discusses the thermochemical analysis of the alkali roasting of an Indonesian saprolite ore using Na 2 CO 3, Na 2 SO 4, and NaOH ...
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Efficient Synchronous Extraction of Nickel, Copper, …
The mechanism of sodium sulfate revealing that sodium sulfate plays a prominent role in the sulfation roasting of complicated polymetallic sulfide ores. Experiments Sulfation...
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Studies on Reduction Characteristics of Limonite and Effect of Sodium
Limonite ore is from Torobulu, Southeast Sulawesi. In the first step, limonite, sodium sulphate, and graphite were sieved by a shaker sieve until reaching a size of 100 mesh, which is the optimal size for laterite [] and were weighed for 50 g for limonite and mixed with 5, 10, and 15% Na 2 SO 4 and the variation of stoichiometry calculation …
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Mechanism of Na2SO4 Promoting Nickel Extraction …
The addition of 0.4 g sodium sulfate per gram concentrate dramatically increased Ni recovery to approximately 90% with near-complete extraction of Cu and Co.
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Minerals | Free Full-Text | Effect of Magnesium Sulfate …
During in situ leaching of ionic rare earth ore, the pore structure of the orebody changes due to the chemical replacement reaction between the leaching agent and the rare earth ore. To explore the influence of leaching agents on the pore structure of ionic rare earth ore during the leaching process, magnesium sulfate solutions with different …
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Efficient Extraction of Ni, Cu and Co from Mixed …
In addition, metallic minerals in the concentrate can also react with sodium sulfate to generate metal-sodium composite sulfate according to Eqs. [7] through [9] …
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Lithium extraction from hard rock lithium ores
Substituting cheap sodium sulfate for potassium sulfate, and calcining with calcium sulfate and lepidolite (0.15:0.45:1) at 900°C, the lithium recovery rate can also reach more than 90% (Vieceli N et al., 2016), but the leaching rate of lepidolite was 84% when calcining only with calcium sulfate at 1050°C (Siame E and Pascoe RD, 2011).
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Reductive Roasting of Nickel Laterite Ore with Sodium Sulfate …
There are also some compounds containing sulfur that used as an additive, such as pyrite (Fe 2 S) [22], sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) [13,14,[23][24] [25], sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) [14], and calcium ...
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The effect of sodium sulphate on the hydrogen reduction …
2.4. Reduction process and magnetic separation. The reduction of the prepared nickel laterite ore (PM or IM) with a combined mass of 1 kg was performed in a stirred fluidised-bed reactor, which is a laboratory constructed, cylindrical heat-resistant stainless steel reactor.In a typical reduction process, the effect of different parameters …
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Reductive roasting of nickel laterite ore with sodium …
In Part I, reduction/sulfidation behaviors of a saprolitic laterite ore in the presence of sodium sulfate were investigated, with an emphasis on thermodynamic …
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Beneficiation of nickeliferous laterite by reduction roasting in …
The laterite ore was crushed and ground to 80 wt.% passing 0.074 mm.The ground laterite sample was thoroughly mixed with sodium sulfate (the amount of sodium sulfate addition varied from 0 wt.% to 20 wt.%) for preparing non-coal-burdened pellets with diameter of 12–16 mm. Lignite was crushed and screened to a size range of 0.5–2.0 mm …
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Additives in Selective Reduction of Lateritic Nickel Ores: …
In this work, the selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore was carried out using sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride as additives. The 5 wt% of anthracite coal, which contains 60.35% of xed carbon and 1.9% of sulfur, was used as a reductant. All raw materials were mixed homogenously prior to the pelletization process into ...
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Sulfide Ore
VMS ore-forming fluids are acidic, reduced, 1–3 M chloride solutions in which metals were transported mainly as chloride complexes (Table 3).Before the discovery of black smokers, temperatures of the ore fluids were estimated from rare fluid inclusion data and sulfur isotope fractionation between sulfide mineral pairs. pH values about 1 unit less than …
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Reductive roasting of nickel laterite ore with sodium sulphate …
ABSTRACT. In Part II, the correlation between Fe–Ni grain growth and characteristic fusion temperatures of the Na 2 SO 4 –laterite mixtures, and phase transformations of the reduced pellets were investigated. For the mechanism of sodium sulphate, Na + is able to liberate the hosted nickel and iron within lizardite, while SO 4 2– is the sulphur source for the …
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Sodium sulfate activation mechanism on co-sulfating …
A controlled two-stage roasting and water leaching process was used to extract valuable metals from Chinese copper-nickel sulfide concentrate. Using an ammonium …
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Sulfation Roasting of Nickel Oxide–Sulfide Mixed Ore …
ore, such as sulfide [31], sodium sulfate [32], ferric sulfate [33], and ammonium sulfate [34]. As a potentially more economic and green metallurgical process, ammonium …
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Sodium | Facts, Uses, & Properties | Britannica
sodium-22. sodium (Na), chemical element of the alkali metal group (Group 1 [Ia]) of the periodic table. Sodium is a very soft silvery-white metal. Sodium is the most common alkali metal and the sixth most abundant element on Earth, comprising 2.8 percent of Earth's crust. It occurs abundantly in nature in compounds, especially common salt ...
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