5 SPECT and SPECT/CT for the Cardiovascular System
In the figures of this chapter, stress and rest myocardial perfusion images are displayed in alternate rows. The short-axis images (SA, top two rows) are displayed from apex to base (left to right), the horizontal long-axis imaging (HLA, middle two rows) are displayed from the inferior to the anterior wall (left to right), and the vertical long …
اقرأ أكثر
Step-by-Step Analysis of Cardiac Chambers in CT
Vertical Long-Axis and True Two-Chamber Views. The vertical long-axis view of the left ventricle is obtained from a plane that passes through the center of the mitral valve and left ventricular apex, parallel to the midportion of the interventricular septum. This view of the left ventricle is a single oblique cardiac imaging plane and is an ...
اقرأ أكثر
Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for Evaluation of Right …
The straight line on the horizontal long axis images (a and c) depicts the location of the corresponding basilar short-axis image in diastole (c) and at the same location with the ventricle in systole (d). Example illustrates the apical displacement of the tricuspid valve plane with systole (d) and the thin wall of the right ventricle that can ...
اقرأ أكثر
Cardiac Imaging: Part 1, MR Pulse Sequences, …
The standard cardiac planes are established using the scout images and include short axis, horizontal long axis (four-chamber view), and vertical long axis (two-chamber view) . These planes are prescribed along a line …
اقرأ أكثر
Stagger long axis labels and make one label stand out in …
The problem with long axis labels and the common solution. ... Click on the vertical axis and press Ctrl+1 to display the Axis Format task pane if it is not already displayed. In the Axis Options section, in the Number format section, select the Custom number format. In the Format Code, enter "#,##0;;0" (without the quotes).
اقرأ أكثر
Relationship between horizontal condylar angle and …
The angle formed between the condyle's horizontal long axis and the coronal plane, as demonstrated by Fig. 1, was measured. For each individual the HCA of the right and left joints were individually determined by both examiners, the average of HCA obtained by the two examiners was consider for statistical analysis.
اقرأ أكثر
Cardiac Imaging Planes | Thoracic Key
The main planes used for cardiac imaging include two long axis views (the horizontal and vertical long axis) and the short axis …
اقرأ أكثر
A systematic approach for analysis, interpretation, …
The horizontal long axis plane provides longitudinal views of the LAD, the distal RCA, and the PDA, and perpendicular views of the middle parts of the RCA and …
اقرأ أكثر
Horizontal Long Axis View
Horizontal Long Axis View. The horizontal long axis (four chamber view) is best for evaluating the septal and lateral walls and apex of the left ventricle, the right ventricular …
اقرأ أكثر
12 General Anatomy of the Heart | Thoracic Key
Horizontal long-axis (four-chamber) views are double oblique planes of the heart perpendicular to both the interventricular septum and AV planes. Vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views of the heart are parallel to the interventricular septum plane and perpendicular to the AV plane (Fig. 12‑9). Taking above concepts into consideration, the ...
اقرأ أكثر
A guide to Cardiac Imaging
The standard planes include Vertical Long Axis (VLA) or 2 Chamber view (2C), Horizontal Long Axis (HLA) or 4 Chamber view (4C) and multiple, contiguous short axis views. ... The minimal method requires a good long axis view through the middle of the LV although two orthogonal views are better. As stated above, every heart is different. ...
اقرأ أكثر
Change the scale of the horizontal (category) axis in a chart
This displays the Chart Tools, adding the Design and Format tabs. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click the arrow in the box at the top, and then click Horizontal (Category) Axis. On the Format tab, in the Current Selection group, click Format Selection. In the Format Axis pane, do any of the following:
اقرأ أكثر
Excel Tutorial: How To Label Horizontal Axis In Excel
Step 3: Check the box next to "Axis Titles," and then select "Primary Horizontal Axis Title" from the drop-down menu. Step 4: Enter the label for the horizontal axis in the text box that appears on the chart. Step 5: Format the label as needed, adjusting the font, size, and color to make it clear and visually appealing.
اقرأ أكثر
Practical Guide to Evaluating Myocardial Disease …
A, Balanced steady-state free precession MR images are obtained in standard cardiac planes: short-axis (A), four-chamber and horizontal long-axis (B), two-chamber and vertical long-axis (C), and …
اقرأ أكثر
Some Anatomical Terminology
Figure 1.9A flexure in the long axis of the nervous system arose as humans evolved upright posture, leading to an approximately 120° angle between the long axis of the brainstem and that of the forebrain (A). The consequences of this flexure for anatomical terminology are indicated in (B). The terms anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior refer to the long …
اقرأ أكثر
AHA Scientific Statement
imaging modalities should be short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These correspond to the short-axis, apical 2-chamber, and apical 4-chamber planes traditionally used in 2D echocardiography. Number of Segments The muscle and cavity of the left ventricle can be divided into a variable number of segments. Two-dimensional ...
اقرأ أكثر
Vertical long-axis, horizontal long-axis, and short-axis …
UCP3 genetic deletion increased infarct size after coronary artery ligation as compared to WT (44 ± 9% vs. 29 ± 7%, p < 0.005). Vertical long-axis, horizontal long-axis, and short-axis slices ...
اقرأ أكثر
(PDF) Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for …
Acquiring the right horizontal long axis cine stack. A stack of parallel cine balanced steady-state free precession images (straight lines) is aligned parallel to the horizontal long axis of the ...
اقرأ أكثر
Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and …
With regards to echocardiography, this implies that the following planes are used: short axis, vertical long axis, and horizontal long axis. These …
اقرأ أكثر
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy: Techniques, …
The bottom two rows are horizontal long axis (HLA) at stress and rest. Normal appearance of attenuation correction MPS In general, image appearance following attenuation correction is superior with regard to contrast and resolution. 12, 13 The right ventricle appears more prominent on corrected images but should not be confused with …
اقرأ أكثر
Normal Cardiovascular Anatomy for Imaging | Radiology Key
The left ventricular long axis view is a plane midway between the vertical and horizontal planes. The planes that are perpendicular to the long axis are called the short axis planes. Examples are the atrial, basal ventricular, midventricular, and apical ventricular short axis planes ( Fig. 1.3C ).
اقرأ أكثر
Cardiac MRI | Radiology Key
The standard cardiac planes are short-axis, four-chamber (horizontal long axis), and vertical long-axis (two-chamber) views. Additional commonly used cardiac planes include the right ventricular …
اقرأ أكثر
ECG Axis Interpretation • LITFL • ECG Library Basics
Left Axis Deviation = QRS axis less than -30°. Right Axis Deviation = QRS axis greater than +90°. Extreme Axis Deviation = QRS axis between -90° and 180° (AKA "Northwest Axis"). Note that in paediatric ECG interpretation, the cardiac axis lies between +30 to +190 degrees at birth and moves leftward with age. CardiacAxis.
اقرأ أكثر
Cardiovascular System Scintigraphy | Radiology …
In the horizontal long axis images, the short septum and long lateral or "free" walls are well seen. The long axis images also show the apex very well. The effective half-life (T1/2), or 50% washout, of Tl …
اقرأ أكثر
Radiographic positioning terminology
the axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body. divides the body into superior and inferior parts. the sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsagittal plane) divides the body into right half and left halves
اقرأ أكثر
8.1 The Ellipse
To work with horizontal and vertical ellipses in the coordinate plane, we consider two cases: those that are centered at the origin and those that are centered at a point other than the origin. ... Center at the origin, symmetric with respect to the x- and y-axes, focus at (3, 0), (3, 0), and major axis is twice as long as minor axis. 49 ...
اقرأ أكثر
Horizontal Long Axis Imaging Plane for Evaluation of …
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a horizontal long axis (HLA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plane aligned to the long axis of the right ventricular …
اقرأ أكثر
Connecting to the long axis
It is well established that parts of the hippocampal transverse axis – which extends from the middle (medial) to the edge (lateral) of the brain – are connected to nearby parts of the cortex involved in cognition. However, Dalton et al. found that more distant cortical regions also anatomically connect to distinct regions along the long ...
اقرأ أكثر
Reconstruction techniques for cardiac cine MRI
c Horizontal long-axis plane. d Short-axis plane. e Four-chamber plane. Full size image. However, despite the aforementioned advantages, CMRI is still not a first-line study [1, 2]. It is often obtained when unanswered questions persist after other studies, such as echocardiography, radionuclide imaging, angiocardiography, or cardiothoracic …
اقرأ أكثر
Cardiac Imaging: Part 1, MR Pulse Sequences, …
The horizontal long axis is generated by selecting the horizontal plane that is perpendicular to the short axis, whereas the vertical long axis is prescribed along a vertical plane orthogonal to the short-axis plane. …
اقرأ أكثر