Isotope effect for diffusion of gold in lead-indium alloys
Keywords: Isotope effect, diffusion, lead-indium alloys, fast diffuser, gold isotope. 1. INTRODUCTION The behavior of so-called "fast diffuser" systems is a topic of continuing interest in the field of condensed matter physics. In general, these systems consist of a noble metal and some transition metal impurities in polyvalent or highly ...
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A New Gold-Indium Eutectic Bonding Method | MRS Online …
In this study, multiple layers of Au and In are deposited directly on semiconductor wafers in one vacuum cycle to prevent indium oxidation and then bonded to substrates coated with Au. At 200°C the indium layer melts and dissolves the gold layers to form a mixture of liquid and solid. The diffusion process continues until the bond solidifies.
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Diffusion and electromigration in lead alloys. II: Ag, Au, and …
As a sequel to certain studies of ''fast diffusers'' in lead‐tin alloys, we have carried out a comparable program for lead‐indium alloys with silver, gold, and copper as mobile elements. It has been found that the addition of In greatly increased DAg up to 60 times, but made the electromigration parameter Z*a,Ag more negative and it eventually became …
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Diffusion coating of indium on copper
Smith [13] has investigated the depth of diffusion of indium coatings into lead, cadmium, copper, silver and certain alloys after prolonged heat treatments (500 h at 150 and 200 h at 120 ), and in all cases it was found that the concentration of indium at the surface remained relatively high even after extensive heat treatment, which thus ...
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Ferroelectricity in disordered Pb(In 1/2 )O 3
Polarisation-electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops in disordered lead indium niobate (Pb(In,,Nbl,,)03; PIN) are, for the first time, observed. The value of the …
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Effect of indium on lead self-diffusion
The effect of Cd impurities on Pb self-diffusion was first investigated by Miller [1]. He found that Pb self-diffusion enhancement is associated with a cor- related motion of vacancies and interstitial Cd ions. Studies of the diffusion of nickel, silver, gold and copper in lead-indium alloys have been carried out by Mei [2] and Shi [3].
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TECH
For example, lead-indium can be plated directly over copper-lead. Although the indium will eventually diffuse through the overlay and into the copper-lead layer, the effects are not …
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Frontiers | Indium Doping of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs2SnI6
Substitution of tin by indium results in small "left shift" and broadening of ν (A 1g ), and δ (F 2g) Raman modes show the increase of element–iodine bond length. Raman spectra of the In-doped Cs 2 SnI 6 differ also from the spectrum reported by Qui et al. for pure Cs 2 SnI 6 ( Qiu et al., 2017 ). FIGURE 2. Figure 2.
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Specialty Solders: A Study of Indium/Lead | AIM Solder
Specialty solders, such as indium alloys, offer advantages for gold soldering, step soldering and fatigue resistance. Indium/Lead Solders on Gold. Because they do not leach or dissolve gold as readily as tin/lead solders, indium/lead solders are recommended for soldering to gold. As seen in fig. 1, the phase diagrams of tin/gold shows that tin ...
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Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead …
Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate based whispering gallery mode resonator. May 2023. Journal of Applied Physics 133 (17) DOI: …
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Gold--indium diffusion in bridgewires
A study being directed toward refining previous estimates of the rate of diffusion of indium into gold and of gold into lead-tin-indium solder under the conditions existing in gold bridgewire detonators is described. The study is also concerned with the effects of gold-indium intermetallic compound on the performance of detonators and methods which …
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The Kinetic Advantages of Lithium-Indium Anodes
Their work deals with optimizing the kinetics of lithium ion diffusion and reaction in the anode, and it led to the identification of a lithium-indium anode that can support ultrafast charging (sometimes measured in seconds) and is primarily limited by other battery components. ... At this charge density, the measured C-rate was 1,440C, a …
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Diffusion coefficient of indium in Si substrates and …
We investigated diffusion of indium in p − and n + Si substrates and extracted its diffusion coefficient.We found that the contribution associated with neutral point defects dominates the diffusion. The latter coefficient is given by D=1.443 exp[−3.5645 (eV)/k B T] cm 2 /s which is almost the same as that of the intrinsic …
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Soldering to Gold
The indium-lead alloy system contains a range of useful solder alloys from pure indium to pure lead. Alloys containing an excess of 80% lead can be used but have diminished wettability. Indium and lead form a nearly continuous solid solution. The most commonly used alloy is 50In/50Pb, which has a liquidus of about 210°C and a solidus of about ...
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Indium iodides
Indium iodides have been known for more than a century. Indium iodide was synthesized for the first time by Meyer 1 in 1869 via the reaction of indium metal with iodine under CO 2 atmosphere six years after the discovery of indium by Reich and Richter. 2 The correct formula — triiodide InI 3 — was proposed once Mendeleev had assumed indium …
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Indium diffusion in lead single crystals
With the use of a JXA-3A microprobe the diffusion characteristics of indium in lead single crystals were determined in the temperature range from 160 to 200°C. For the temperature dependence of the heterodiffusion coefficient of indium in lead in dilute solid solution the relation. D = 33.exp {− (26.79 ± 0.76)/ RT } cm 2 /sec.
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The diffusion of indium in lead films containing gold
The diffusion of indium in lead films containing gold @article{Broom1977TheDO, title={The diffusion of indium in lead films containing gold}, author={Ronald F. Broom and Th. O. Mohr}, journal={Thin Solid Films}, year={1977}, volume={47}, pages={249-259} } R. Broom, T. Mohr; Published 15 December 1977; Materials Science; Thin Solid Films
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Dielectric properties and diffusion of ferroelectric …
Dielectric properties and diffusion of ferroelectric phase transition in lead indium niobate: Ferroelectrics: Vol 108, No 1.
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Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate …
Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate based whispering gallery mode resonator. Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) have …
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Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate …
Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) have garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in the fields of electro-optic modulation and microwave to optical photon conversion. In this study, we have leveraged an electro-optic crystal, lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PIN-PMN-PT), to …
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Indium diffusion through high-k dielectrics in high-k/InP …
According to the annealing process on Al 2 O 3 /InP interface, Dong et al. has shown that annealing may lead to indium atoms diffusion into Al 2 O 3 and enhance the phosphorus-oxide richness at ...
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Dielectric properties of lead indium niobate ceramics …
The dielectric properties of lead indium niobate ceramic studied as a function of both temperature and frequency indicate relaxor ferroelectric behavior with maximum dielectric constant of 4310 at 40 ο C for 1 kHz. Lowering of transition temperature and …
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Lead Indium Alloy | AMERICAN ELEMENTS
See more Lead products. Lead (atomic symbol: Pb, atomic number: 82) is a Block P, Group 14, Period 6 element with an atomic radius of 207.2. The number of electrons in each of Lead's shells is [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4] and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 2. The lead atom has a radius of 175 pm and a Van der Waals radius of ...
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Solder Paste | Solders | Products made by Indium Corporation
Lead-Free (Pb-Free) We offer a wide range of Pb-free solder pastes, including: Indium Corporation offers a number of SnPb solder pastes for circuit board assembly and high-Pb applications common in semiconductor packaging., these solder pastes will provide you with the highest end-of-line yields.
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Soldering to Gold | Applications | Indium Corporation
In the operational temperature of the device exceeds 125°C, solid-state diffusion of the fold may occur, resulting in the growth of the AuIn IMC layer. In such cases, 80Au/20Sn or a high-lead alloy can be used instead, according to process or commercial constraints. Indium can be corroded by halides.
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Intermetallics In Soldering | Eric Bastow
Intermetallics are a necessary evil in the metal-to-metal bonding world, which definitely includes soldering. There are two basic ways that metal will "chemically" bond to another metal: 1) solid solution 2) intermetallic. We will focus just on intermetallics for the moment as that is the most pertinent to the soldering world.
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The diffusion of indium in lead films containing gold
Some results on the lateral diffusion of indium in thin lead films containing 2.5 wt.% Au are described. At room temperature the diffusion rate is high with a diffusion coefficient D of about 2.5 x 10-12 cm2 s-1 and an activation energy of 0.26±0.1 eV. The indium concentration profile along the films is highly irregular and is characterized by ...
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(PDF) Dielectric properties and diffusion of ferroelectric …
ferroelectric phase transition in lead indium niobate, Ferroelectrics, 108:1, 237-240 ... A very diffuse phase transition is observed in the whole measured temperature range and the dielectric ...
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Diffusion and electromigration in lead alloys. II. Ag, Au, and …
As a sequel to certain studies of ''fast diffusers'' in lead‐tin alloys, we have carried out a comparable program for lead‐indium alloys with silver, gold, and copper as mobile elements. It has been found that the addition of In greatly increased D Ag up to 60 times, but made the electromigration parameter Z * a,Ag more negative ...
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Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide on indium …
Gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) coated with indium led to formate concentrations up to 76 mM and formation rates of 0.183 mmol cm−2 h−1, which was considerably superior to indium coatings on ...
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