The aqueous geochemistry of gallium, germanium, indium and scandium
Gallium (Ga), indium (In) and germanium (Ge) are among the critical metals that consume approximately 80% of world mining in the innovative production of electrical and electronic equipment.
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(PDF) Review and Processing of Indium, Germanium and Gallium …
Review and Processing of Indium, Germanium and Gallium from Zinc and Lead Source Indium with gallium and germanium are classified as strategic metals. Indium, germanium, gallium and other trace elements as well as niobium and tantalum are competing with each other for the industry.
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Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium …
Abstract. Germanium, gallium and indium are in high demand due to their growing usage in high-tech and green-tech applications. However, the mineralogy …
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Gallium: Discovered too Late to Make Mendeleev's
Gallium would be inserted here in 1875. Patty was familiar with gallium as Rob's studies included the element, as it is often used with indium in the manufacture of semiconductor lasers and LEDs. She vaguely recalled Rob being excited about the importance of gallium, but couldn't quite remember why.
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The aqueous geochemistry of gallium, germanium, indium …
Gallium, germanium, indium and scandium are relatively rare elements of strategic importance. They are employed in a variety of high-technology applications such as integrated circuits, optoelectronic devices, fiber optics, thin-film coatings, and metal alloys. Because of their scarcity in most geological environments, minerals containing …
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Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and minor …
Of the many trace elements commonly found in sphalerite, gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge) and indium (In) are currently the most relevant. This is due not only to their interesting geological behaviour (e.g. Cook et al., 2009), but also to their growing usage in certain high-tech applications such as smartphones (Ga, In), fibre-optic cables …
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Inorganic Compounds | Products made by Indium Corporation
The gallium compounds we offer include gallium trichloride (GaCl 3) and gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3). Gallium is a crucial material for building compound semiconductor devices. To form epitaxial GaN layers chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques are typically used, and the CVD gallium precursor (trimethyl-gallium) is typically made from high ...
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Review of germanium processing worldwide
Germanium is a very competitive sister of indium and gallium within the global family of electronic components (Moskalyk and Alfantazi, 2003; Moskalyk, 2003b). The IT (information technology) segment of global sales constitutes a major portion of financial returns for many established firms.
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Global Substance Flow Analysis of Gallium, Germanium, and Indium …
Studies on gallium, germanium and indium show similarly large losses of these minor byproduct mineral commodities at different production stages from different sources (Frenzel et al., 2016b ...
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Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and …
Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and minor elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type — A meta-analysis | Semantic Scholar. DOI: …
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Metals and Alloys | Products made by Indium …
Products. Metals. Indium Corporation is the world's premier supplier of commercial and high purity indium metal, germanium metal, gallium metal and tin metal. Technical. Documents. Videos. Features & Benefits. …
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Physicochemical constraints on indium-, tin-, germanium-, gallium …
It is concluded here that indium-, tin-, germanium-, gallium-, gold-, and tellurium-bearing minerals, which represent important repositories of these critical metals and metalloids, formed throughout the entire paragenetic sequences in both deposits, both during HS and IS conditions. 4.2. Ore petrography and mineral chemistry4.2.1. …
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The aqueous geochemistry of gallium, germanium, indium …
Thermodynamic properties of aqueous Ge (IV) hydroxide complexes from 25 to 350°C: Implications for the behavior of germanium and the Ge/Si ratio in hydrothermal fluids. The aqueous geochemistry of the rare earth elements and yttrium: VI. Stability of neodymium chloride complexes from 25 to 300°C.
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Low-Temperature Soldering | Applications | Indium Corporation
Indium Corporation has invented a new low-temperature solder paste called Durafuse ® LT. This new alloy reflows at 200°C and uses a novel solder alloy process to bring mid-temperature solder properties into the upper edge of the low-temperature space. This provides greater drop shock and thermal cycling performance as compared to the typical ...
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Gallium Compounds | Inorganic Compounds | Products made by Indium
The typical purity of our gallium acetylacetonate starts at 99.99%, and it can be further optimized according to your specific needs. In addition to gallium acetylacetonate, Indium Corporation also offers other gallium compounds such as gallium trichloride (GaCl 3) and gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3). These compounds serve various applications in ...
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Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and …
Abstract: Germanium, gallium and indium are in high demand due to their growing usage in high-tech and green-tech applications. However, the mineralogy and the mechanisms of concentration of these critical elements in different types of hydrothermal ore deposits remain poorly constrained. We investigated the mineralogical distribution of Ge, Ga ...
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Metals and Alloys | Products made by Indium Corporation
Tin. Indium Corporation is the world's premier supplier of pure tin and tin alloys and compounds. With a melting point of 505.08 K (231.93 C or 449.47 F) as well as its corrosion-resistant nature, tin is becoming increasingly popular for a number of new and innovative applications, including aerospace and semiconductor. Typical Impurities (ppm)
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Germanium Compounds | Inorganic Compounds | Products made by Indium
CAS No. 1. Germanium tetrachloride (GeCl 4) is a colorless liquid. It is used as an intermediate in the production of purified germanium dioxide and germanium metal. GeCl 4 is transparent to infrared light and therefore useful in optical materials. It is also widely used as a semiconductor and as an alloying agent.
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Gallium, germanium, indium, and other minor and trace …
Gallium, germanium, indium, and other minor and trace elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type - A meta-analysis July 2016 Ore Geology Reviews 76:52-78
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(PDF) Indium, germanium and gallium in volcanic- and …
Indium (In), germanium (Ge), and gallium (Ga) have unique. chemical and physical properties. This makes them critical for a. wide variety of high technology, pharmaceutical, metallur gical. and ...
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Global Substance Flow Analysis of Gallium, Germanium, and Indium …
Summary This study provides a global substance flow analysis for gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), and indium (In) for 2011, quantifying the amount of metal lost during extraction, beneficiation/smelti...
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Separations | Free Full-Text | The Extraction and Separation …
Gallium (Ga), indium (In), and germanium (Ge) play an important role in the modern high-tech material field. Due to their low content and scattered distribution in the crust, and the increasing demand for these metals in recent years, their supply risks have sharply increased. Therefore, the recycling of these metals is of great significance.
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Quantifying the relative availability of high-tech by-product …
DOI: 10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2017.04.008 Corpus ID: 157955801; Quantifying the relative availability of high-tech by-product metals – The cases of gallium, germanium and indium @article{Frenzel2017QuantifyingTR, title={Quantifying the relative availability of high-tech by-product metals – The cases of gallium, germanium and indium}, author={Max …
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Determination of Traces of Gallium and Indium in …
Determination of Traces of Gallium and Indium in Germanium and Germanium Dioxide. C. L. Luke. and. M. E. Campbell. Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, …
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Soldering Products Manufactured by Indium Corporation
Indium Corporation is the world's premier supplier of commercial and high purity indium metal, germanium metal, gallium metal and tin metal. From the mine to product packaging, we set the standard for the processing of indium, germanium, gallium and tin. Quality is assured because we control the process from the very first step.
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Gallium | Metals & Alloys | Indium Corporation …
Gallium metal with 4N and higher purities. Gallium-based alloys: liquid at low temperatures (close to and below room temperature), for example, …
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Recovery technologies for indium, gallium, and germanium …
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119043 Corpus ID: 263244181; Recovery technologies for indium, gallium, and germanium from end-of-life products (electronic waste) - A review. @article{Zheng2023RecoveryTF, title={Recovery technologies for indium, gallium, and germanium from end-of-life products (electronic waste) - A …
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Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and …
Gallium, germanium, indium, and other trace and minor elements in sphalerite as a function of deposit type — A meta-analysis - ScienceDirect. Ore Geology Reviews. Volume 76, July 2016, Pages 52-78. Review. Gallium, germanium, indium, …
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Minerals | Free Full-Text | Enrichment Mechanisms of Gallium and Indium
To provide a comprehensive insight into the enrichment mechanism of gallium and indium in No. 9 coals, eighteen samples were collected from Anjialing mine, Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi Province for coal petrological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The results suggested that Ga and In enrichment mainly hosted in the top …
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Distribution of indium, germanium, gallium and other …
We report indium, germanium, gallium, and other minor and trace elements contents in sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and tetrahedrite-tennantite occurring in skarn and skarn-free ("Cordilleran") polymetallic mantos and vein ore bodies in the Miocene porphyry-related Morococha District, Central Peru. Among the investigated minerals, LA …
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